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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the construction itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are created from ground and mud.

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Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.

To construct their nests, termites primarily use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are visible, as many nests in tropical forests are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest builders, as they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds shield the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the gut of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort numerous nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be less frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in areas with torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide important source protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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By way of instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the diameter of the tunnels is little enough for soldiers to block.192 A highly secure room, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and can be used as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive forms, like those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shield tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that begin from the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a period of high humidity, so these tubes provide protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide high humidity and darkness and allow workers to accumulate food resources that cannot be obtained in any other manner.197 These passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but may extend dozens of metres in length.198.

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Owing to their wood-eating habits, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important role as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural wood components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a trusted source of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin coating of a wall which protects them in your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.

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